Yes

Patient-reported clinical status, employment, health care use, and personal characteristics; health care use and costs from claims data.

After acceptance into the study the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was conducted. Interviews were also conducted at baseline and then every 6 months over two and half years. Questions related to symptoms, jobs, hospitalizations and more. Program staff tracked job information. Employment data was also provided by staff or through interviews with participants. Each participant was followed for the study period or until he or she exited services. Time based analyses compared weekly employment and job placement rates for participants in each group. Binary employment outcomes were analyzed with generalized estimating equations of the Genmod procedure in SAS with a logit link function. Another group of job based analyses was also conducted to examine average job duration, hours and wages to compare outcomes from participants in the two groups. Spearman rank-order correlations between job duration, hours and wages were estimated to identify potential covariates in the hours and wages test model.

With participants permission, the interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. A staged analysis was then carried out. Initially, each job was treated as a case and the 17 cases were divided into jobs that had been retained and jobs that had broken down. Data relating to each case (i.e. the client‚, project worker‚ and manager‚ accounts of a job) were then grouped under broad categories according to whether they related to employment support, workplaces or service users personal circumstances. Data within each category were analysed to generate subcategories within each main category, e.g. workplace factors relating to managers, colleagues and conditions of employment. These were then compared across cases in order to identify those factors that were associated with job retention and job breakdown. As noted earlier, in this article we focus on clients accounts of those factors relating to the workplace.

Open-ended interviews and on site observations were used to collect data. The interviews were guided by a script and recorded. Afterwards they were transcribed. The women were also observed while working as a member of an enclave. On site field observations lasted about 2 hours. The job coaches and family members were also interviewed. The data was analyzed using a constant comparative method. All interview and observational data were reviewed and coded. Some quotes were also selected to serve as exemplars of each woman's quality of life experience.

The study collected data on patient employment and behaviors from the following sources: baseline interviews of patients prior to before random assignment; patient follow-up interviews at 6, 12, and 18 months later using the same procedure as the baseline but adding measures about the intervention; review of vocational activities log kept by both CES and standard counselors as well as employment documentation. The employment measures drew on and integrated information from these sources since no single source was completed using the combined ordinal outcome measure, the initial analysis was a cross-tabulation of the highest level of vocational activity attained by study condition using the combined ordinal outcome measure. Next, cross-tabulations were conducted between experimental condition and four separate indices of vocational outcomes. Pearson chi square provided the tests of statistical significance across the board. Since the hypotheses involving vocational outcomes were directional predictions (i.e., better outcomes were predicted for the experimental group), single-tailed significance tests were reported. Four dichotomous measures of vocational activities, which constitute the outcome measures for this analysis, were obtained at baseline and at 6-month follow-up: 1. Whether the patient attained any paid job in the previous 6 months. 2. Whether the patient attained a competitive job in the previous 6 months. 3. Whether the patient attained an informal job in the previous 6 months. 4. Whether the patient participated in any other socially constructive, vocationally relevant activity in the previous 6 months. The three basic vocational measures (i.e., competitive, informal, constructive activity) were not significantly associated with each other (p>0.05). To provide a single overall index of vocational outcomes, they were combined into a four-level, ordinal measure of highest level of vocational attainment: 1. Attained a competitive job (highest). 2. Attained an informal job. 3. Performed constructive activity other than paid employment. 4. None of the above (lowest).

An Interview Skills Rating Instrument was developed by researchers. The first scale was Response Content: A 10 item scale that measures the content of the participant's response to 10 interview questions. The second scale: Response Delivery: 20 items that measure behaviors related to greetings and farewells (handshakes, eye contact, verbal greeting, verbal expression of appreciation at end of interview), as well as the non-verbal behaviors (body positioning, facial expressions) that accompany verbal responses during the actual interview questioning period.

Characteristics of study participants and interventions were summarized. Descriptive statistics were used to report study outcomes. No meta analysis was conducted.

The remaining studies were examined for the following: population, sample size, predictor variables, postschool outcome variables, type of statistical analysis used, relationships among variables, significance levels, and data that allowed for calculation of effect sizes. It was not possible to extract conclusions across studies, so the researchers chose to convert significant relationships to standardize effect size measures to allow comparisons. Various conversions were calculated.

Participants were given O-Log and the C-Log, as part of their clinical examination in the acute rehabilitation center prior to enrollment to determine the initial severity of cognitive impairment. Ratings on the Participation Index of the Mayo- Portland Adaptability Inventory (M2PI) were obtained for 11 RF participants and 11 controls before the intervention and at 6-month follow-up.

Program participants and comparison respondents completed questionnaires that included demographic questions, measures of income and income source, health indices, an interview and a questionnaire related to current and prior employment status. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. Chi-square tests were used to compare the intervention group with the comparison group for categorical variables and a combination of t-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used for continuous variables.