Single group

Repeated measures included the Addiction Severity Scale, a structured interview related to problem areas (health, transportation, finances, etc.), and six- and 12-month follow-up interviews regarding employment status. Data analysis used mixed-effects models to describe in-treatment change. These models comprise fixed effects, describing the average change over time, and random effects, describing the components of variation about that average pattern of change. For continuously distributed linear mixed-effects models were used, and for binary responses generalized linear mixed-effects models.

An ACCEPT intake form provided a profile of the trainees. The Lancashire Quality of Life Profile was used to obtain information on perceived quality of life. A Goal Attainment Form documented the trainees top five goals or objectives. Participant views about ACCEPT quality of services was gained using an Client Evaluation Form. A Stakeholder Questionnaire was also used. T-Tests were used to examine pre and post training differences in the mean LSS scores.

With participants permission, the interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. A staged analysis was then carried out. Initially, each job was treated as a case and the 17 cases were divided into jobs that had been retained and jobs that had broken down. Data relating to each case (i.e. the client‚, project worker‚ and manager‚ accounts of a job) were then grouped under broad categories according to whether they related to employment support, workplaces or service users personal circumstances. Data within each category were analysed to generate subcategories within each main category, e.g. workplace factors relating to managers, colleagues and conditions of employment. These were then compared across cases in order to identify those factors that were associated with job retention and job breakdown. As noted earlier, in this article we focus on clients accounts of those factors relating to the workplace.

Study participants were randomly assigned into the ISE (n = 58), IPS (n = 65) and traditional vocational rehabilitation (TVR) (n = 66) groups. Vocational and non-vocational outcomes of the ISE and IPS participants were collected by a blind and independent assessor at 7 11, 15, 21, 27, 33 and 39 months after their admission, whereas the TVR groups were assessed only up to the 15th month follow up.

Data collection involved the following: Employment Outcome Checklist (EOC) assessed their employment outcomes such as the number of job interviews attended, the number of jobs obtained, number of hours per week worked, and salary received from each of the jobs that were obtained . The 21-item Chinese Job Stress Coping Scale (CJSC) assessed the coping strategies of participants when faced with job stress, using a five-point response scale ranging from 1 (hardly ever do this) to 5 (almost always do this). The coping dimensions included help seeking, positive self-appraisal, work adjustment, and avoidance. The Chinese Job Termination Checklist (CJTC) is the Chinese version of the Job termination Scale.

Demographic data was collected. Severity of physical limitations was categorized using scores on the Physical Functioning scale of the MOS Short-Form General Health Survey. Occupational performance was explored at baseline and one year later using semi structured interviews. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), an interview, was used to assess self perception of work performance in the areas of self care, productivity and leisure over time. The Occupational Performance History Interview II (OPHI-II) was used to assess aspects of occupational adaptation: occupational identity, competence and setting. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics. Sores on the COPM subscales and the OPHI-II scales were calculated. Qualitative data from the COPM and audio taped OPHI-II were summarized and categorized into the 3 occupational performance categories: self care, leisure and work productivity. Narrative were classified as regressive, stable or progressive. Differences between pre and post intervention scores on COPM and OPHI-II were tested using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Demographics between the employed and unemployed groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Non-parametric test were used. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0.

Data was collected at TBIMS rehabilitation centers that include a wide array of services. Hospital records and admission and discharge FIM instrument used to evaluate level of independence were used to collect medical information. Annual telephone interviews were attempted to collect follow up information at month 10 and 14 post-injury. If this was not successful, a questionnaire via mail and/or an interview with significant other was completed.

Data were collected at intake for age, education, military history, training, employment history, earnings, disability, disability compensation, substance use, and living situation. Employment data were collected following program exit and at three-month follow-up.

Data were collected on individuals who used supported employment services to assist them with gaining and maintaining work anytime between 1985 to 1999.Data about each participant's length of employment, wages, and costs associated with service delivery were collected by the employment specialist assigned to serve the person. For those individuals who had been employed in more than one job over the years, data on length of employment and cost of service delivery were combined. Analyses were performed to examine the costs of supported employment, employment characteristics (e.g., wages, length of employment), and benefit-cost ratios of supported employment for individuals with TBI. Descriptive statistics were calculated for length of employment, costs associated with supported employment services, and wages earned. Subgroup comparisons were also performed to examine the influence of length of employment on wages and supported employment costs. Calculations were based on individual clients, not job placements. Therefore, employment and billing data were combined and averaged for individuals who worked in more than 1 job over the study period.

Employment specialist traced actual time spent either directly or indirectly working for the person with ASD across various types of supported employment interventions. This included developing a vocational profile about the person served, developing a job, job site training, and long term supports to enhance job retention. All data were stored in password protected database. The employment specialist's intervention time and participant outcomes were aggregated across the group of participants and over time.