White / Caucasian

Participants were interviewed at study entry using a computer-assisted personal interview constructed with the Questionnaire Development System. In addition to the interview data, a vocational activities log that included information on vocational services provided and patients vocational outcomes during the period of service was recorded by the vocational counselors. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression analyses were used for bivariate analyses. Multiple logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.

The RSA-911 database includes client demographic and historical information, case service information, case expenditures, and service outcomes. Data are submitted to the RSA-911 database at case closure. A logistic regression model was employed to estimate the contribution of each predictor variable while simultaneously taking other predictor variables into account and was tested across the two random groups of participants to assess the generalizability of the model.

The study used program evaluation data from 21 agencies that provided supported employment services to individuals with mental illness using the Indiana supported employment model which was based on the Individual Placement and Support Model. Different samples were used for different analyses. An intake form provided information on demographics. The Global Assessment of Functioning scale provided information about a person's current skills. Other information was obtained from monthly records about staff services that an agency had to keep for reimbursement. Because the study related to obtaining work, only services related to this were measured. The study did not look at services that were provided after placement. Notably part of the specific services included an evaluation of a person's employment potential...which is NOT in alignment with best practices in supported employment services. Related to predicting work outcomes and services hours the first discriminant function looked at persons who worked and those who did not as the criterion categories. The second discriminant function looked at a different set of variables measured at intake. For individuals who worked, multiple regression analysis were conducted using the same individual characteristics to predict the total hours of SE services required prior to becoming employed. Related to supported employment services a discriminant function analysis was used to determine the characteristics of services associated with obtaining work.

Each participant was administered a standard neuropsychological evaluation used as part of a statewide VR protocol. Information about demographic and psychosocial variables was obtained by the evaluating psychologist. Self-report information regarding duration of loss of consciousness (LOC), posttraumatic amnesia (PTA), and hospitalization was obtained from most clients because medical records were not routinely available for review.

Information from Missouri DVR was obtained on each participant, including the specific services provided, the vocational status of the participant at case closure, and the financial cost of the case to DVR. Vocational outcome was determined using standard DVR categories, including: 1) successfully closed, 2) closed, no services provided, 3) closed, services interrupted, and 4) unsuccessfully closed. Rural and urban status was determined by definitions used by the US Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Data analysis included Chi-squares, Fisher‚ Exact tests, Wilcoxon Rank Sums test, and MANOVAs.

All data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows (version 15.0). The primary and secondary hypotheses were tested on the whole group. For comparing groups, t-tests and ?2-tests were used to compare means and proportions respectively, unless the data were highly skewed, in which case non-parametric tests were used. Logistic and linear regression models were also fitted including potential confounding variables: (grouped) age, gender, ethnic group, educational level, symptomatology and diagnosis. All data were analyzed in groups as randomized, whether or not receiving an intervention (i.e. intention-to-treat). Data were compared for those followed up with those not followed up, overall and by each treatment arm.

Job coaches and other clinical staff who provided services following the job placement of each participant recorded interventions that lasted one minute or more on treatment data forms as near to the day of service provision as possible.
Treatment data determined the number of days treatment was received during the 6 month study period and the summed durations in hours across all treatments received. Treatment types and location were based on summing the number of treatments by category and possible locations across all service days.
Summary statistics were computed for each variable. Next, associations among variables were tested
for significance using Chi-square for nominal variables, and rank-order (Spearman) correlations for ordinal or
interval variables. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine whether the 5 sites showed overall significant
differences on each treatment variable. For variables showing significant differences, pairwise Mann-Whitney U tests were then used to determine which centers differed from one another.

Data collection and analysis addressed five key questions: (1) What obstacles would a rural South Carolina setting posed to implementing and sustaining ACT-IVR and IPS model? (2) How do the competitive work outcomes of the ACT-IVR and IPS programs compare to a traditional program providing parallel services in a rural economy? (3) How are overall work outcomes affected by differing strategies for obtaining employment? (4) How do rates of income earned from competitive employment change over time by program? (5) How do the programs' work outcomes compare after controlling for the number of participants' service contacts?

A number of variables were examined in the study. This included: successful employment outcome, hours worked and wages and the cost of services. Data was pulled for all of the United States. Washington DC and US territories were excluded. Data from each state and year was reported for each study question. In order to identify trends data from 2002 to 2006 was compared to 2007 to 2011 and regression analysis was used to evaluate the data. Mean data for the total transition population served by VR was compared to the ASD group and t test statistics were used to compare outcomes between the two groups.

Data was retrieved from electronic medical records at Thresholds Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center in Chicago and analyzed for clients admitted during a 2-year period.